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Stolen, a film on Irish Mother and Baby Homes by Margo Harkin, and funded by a raft of state agencies north and south of Ireland, was first broadcast nationally on RTE1 on the 26th of August 2024. As well as a few specific points, there are maybe two overall general themes in this film that are addressed at the beginning and end of this review.
Feminism
The beginning point is that, frankly, this is a feminist propaganda film. While an interesting example of that type of work nobody should make the mistake of thinking that these type of massively ideologically driven and man hating videos, contain dispassionate and hence sober, truthful or honest accounts of the history they purport to examine. You can see how it veers into that type of propaganda by the use of these kind of phrases:
– These Institutions were set up for “the discipline and containment of women and children” (7:53)
– “Pretty much every major human rights scandal that has occurred in Ireland has related to women and children. To me there is an inherent misogyny at the heart of the Irish state right through from its very foundation.” (10:44)
– “Mother and Baby Homes are really a reflection of the focus on women’s sexuality, on their indiscretion, and on curtailing women in the Irish Free State.” (11:24)
– “There is an idea now that 1921 came along, the Irish Free State, and everyone just started hating women. A lot of people hated women, and especially poor people and poor women, long before that.” (45:04)
– “Some scholars say that patriarchy is a sign of weakness, that its a kind of tyranny that men who don’t have much control over the world around them, you cannot control the economy, you cannot control foreign affairs, you cannot control your relationship with the former coloniser, so you turn inwards and you discipline women and children. And so you start to see that the early legislative program is very concerned with sex.” (56:48)
– “And for a while indeed it seemed as if in Ireland our women had the amazing capacity to self impregnate...” (18:09)
That last quote is actually from Taoiseach Enda Kenny TD, and his point there might be more apt than people realise. This whole film, and actually to a large extent the Commission of Inquiry report itself, talks a lot about sex, but absolutely always, without the slightest exception, the women were completely and totally innocent of any wrong doing in that regard, whatever happened was always exclusively the fault of the men. Furthermore the mothers involved always loved to the nth degree and at all times their children conceived out of wedlock, both when unborn and afterwards. Actually the evidence shows, that unfortunately some of the women with these ‘unwanted’ pregnancies (unfortunately the phrase is mostly accurate) tried even to kill their children after their birth in these Homes, although to be fair that would not be at all the majority.(1)
As stated, the same is true of the Commission report, which includes a vast litany of stories like these in its ‘Confidential Committee’ section, a very large number of women were interviewed for it and all were totally and utterly innocent in every regard. The fathers of these children were simply never interviewed, their experiences are sneered at constantly but not actually recorded anywhere. Consequently you can see what I mean by describing both these works, the Commission report and this movie, as in large measure feminist tracts?
Mortality Rate
Margo Harkin:
“We now know the horror of what happened in the Mother and Baby Institutions, at least nine thousand babies died between 1922 and 1998, a death rate that was over five times the national average.” (7:31)
The whole issue of the death rates in these Homes has been gone through before, but just to recap again:
– Firstly you have to examine the other side of the equation when you are comparing these Homes to the national Infant Mortality Rate. For the early years of the Irish state, registration of infant deaths was very patchy, so this national statistic is underestimating the real degree of infant mortality in Ireland, and hence the contrast with the Home rate is not as wide as that reported.
– The other statistical trap some are overlooking, is that when comparing the national rate with the mortality rate in a given Home, most are calculating the latter as:
the number of deaths there in a given year / [divided by] the number of residents in the Home on average during that year.
But these Homes were very transient institutions, the babies and infants were passing through, either infants were taken out by their mothers, or fostered or adopted out, all the time. The point is that in these cases you can be sure that ill infants are not going to be transferred out, they will leave ill babies in the institution. Also they will even transfer back to the Home those who got seriously ill while been fostered out:
But this makes a vast difference to the statistics, because then the equation for the above statistic should now read:“It is evident from records of children boarded out by Galway County Council that it was not uncommon for children to be returned to Tuam in cases of illness...” (2)
the number of deaths in a given year / [divided by] the total number of children who at any stage passed through the Home in that year plus the whole number of those already fostered out.
If you consider it for a minute, that makes sense because that is the real pool of people out of whom a given number of sick children are going to die in the Home in that given year, since, as you just read, even those who were earlier fostered out but got ill would regularly go back into the Home. This factor is very likely to make an enormous difference to the real statistics.
– Then you have the ‘hospital effect’. While these Homes were not acute hospitals, they were hospitals of a type for chronically ill children, not by any means just illegitimate children. Hence for example one newspaper article from 1930 refers to the upcoming building at the Tuam Home of a:
And in reference to St Patrick’s on the Navan Road:“shelter for delicate children that they are about to erect at the Children’s Home.”(3)
Obviously you are going to have a huge mortality rate in chronically ill children, transferred into those places because they could do no more for them in the acute hospitals.“...it also admitted children with serious physical or intellectual disabilities and children who discharged from hospital with untreatable conditions...Some of the children who were in Pelletstown were there because they were seriously ill and nothing further could be done for them in the children’s hospitals...From the late 1950s Pelletstown was increasingly used as a long-stay institution/hospice for children with serious and untreatable medical conditions such as spina bifida, or Down syndrome children with serious heart diseases and many of these children died.” (4)
Other issues
Catriona Crowe, archivist and broadcaster:
Máiréad Enright, Professor of Law, University of Birmingham:“Women became the targets of this creepy obsession with sexuality of the Irish Catholic Church. Sex was really dirty in Catholic Ireland, probably worse than murder.” (10:57)
“And so you start to see that the early legislative program is very concerned with sex. With its visibility, with hiding it, with concealing it, with stopping people from talking about it, and with punishing people who don’t get away with it.” (56:48)
Its amazing that so many consider Ireland of that time as having a ‘creepy obsession with sexuality’ when its modern Ireland that spends huge amounts of time teaching it in schools, parading down public roads broadcasting ones sexuality, and turning so many events or public entertainments, like the Eurovision and even the Olympics, into occasions of explicit sexuality. This was not the case a few years ago in Ireland, and yet it was they that were ‘obsessed’ with it?
Alison O’Reilly:
“So a decision was made by the former Minister for Social Protection, Joan Burton, who was born in a Mother and Baby Home herself and adopted, to release the names, and thats when we decided to publish all of the names a few weeks later in the Mail on Sunday...” (14:04)
Its very mysterious how much that story, the origin of the compilation of the 796 death certificates of children who died in the Tuam Home, has changed over the years. First it was that Catherine Corless, heroically and expensively, on her own got all these death certificates from the public registration office. But that was never possible because the certificates are not indexed by place of death, it would be impossible for an outsider to track down that number of certificates. Then it was supposedly with the help of a named person in the Galway office in charge of these. Now its the Minister who authorised it, is there mysterious state aid behind the scenes of the Corless story that we seem to get only bits of?
Alison O’Reilly:
“But the causes of death were things like Marasmus, which is hunger, I mean how did that happen?” (14:04)
The ‘Marasmus is hunger’ racket has been flogged to death at this stage, for which see the current writers book and also the book and talks given by the Galway historian Eugene Jordan.
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