The Anchorite of Fore Abbey

scolairebocht

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This is a video on the Anchorite's Cell at Fore Abbey Co. Westmeath. An Anchorite took a special vow, to remain for the rest of his life enclosed in these small cells, awaiting his death.


Fr Patrick Beglin was easily the most famous of the Anchorites of Fore, and incidentally he is said to have come from the South East corner of Co. Westmeath, where there still are Beglins and still involved in the Church. At the time of Beglin, that is the last decades of the 16th and the early decades of the 17th century, it was owned by the Ussher family but rented out to the Nugents, of Donore I think, who I believe protected the anchorite:
"Edward Nugent charged for rent, House of Anchorets of Fower as assignee of Beland[?] Ussher."
(Easter term 36th year of Elizabeth I, hence c.1594, NAI Ferguson Mss vol ix, The first Book of Orders in the Office of the 2nd Remembrancer, 1592-1598, p.2.)
In any case he was certainly not the last anchorite, after him you had:
"Rev. Patrick Clonan, Rev. Mr. John Nugent, Rev. Charles Fagan, and in 1719 Rev. Mr George Fleming who died a few years later and was the last. Fleming was said to have died in 1741."
(Brian Nugent, Shakespeare was Irish! (Co. Meath, 2006-2020), p.156.)

There are a number of Anchorite cells in Ireland, one is attached to St Canice's Cathedral in Kilkenny for example, and at least one in the environs of Dublin described here, St Doulagh's of Balgriffin:
"He became an enclosed anchorite. He and his successors were built up in the chamber which was their cell, and never left it until death released them; but even then the body remained, for it was buried beneath the floor of the cell. The successor of the dead-immured hermit daily said his prayers standing over the place where the body of his predecessor lay, while beside the grave he dug a grave for himself, and kept it always open to remind him whither he was going.
Bishop Reeves in his memoir quotes a description of...these enclosed anchorites lived. It is from a Roman source of the twelfth century. The Roman colouring of it may therefore not apply to St. Doulagh:—
"The abode of an inclusus should be built of stone, measuring twelve feet in length, and as many in breadth. It should have three windows, one facing the choir, through which he may receive the body of Christ; another at the opposite side, through which he may receive his food; and a third to admit light, but which should always be filled with glass or horn. The window through which he receives his food should be secured with a bolt, and have a glazed lattice, which can be opened and closed, because no one should be able to look in, except so far as the glass will allow, nor should the recluse have a view out. He should be provided with three articles, namely, a jar, a towel, and a cup. After tierce, he is to lay the jar and cup outside the window, and then close it. About noon he is to come over and see if his dinner be there. If it be, he is to sit down at the window and eat and drink. When he has done, whatever remains is to be left outside for anyone who may choose to remove it, and he is to take no thought for the morrow.
But if it should happen that he has nothing for his dinner, he must not omit to return his accustomed thanks to God, though he is to remain without food until the following day. His garments are to be a gown and a cap, which he is to wear waking and sleeping.""
(Robert Walsh, Fingal and its Churches (Dublin, 1888), p.31-2.)

Why we seem to have only one continuing to function at the time of the Reformation and Counter Reformation is hard to say. Also its origin could be either from the time of St Fechin, this old Irish saint, like many others of his era, was noted for being a kind of hermit or anchorite, or it could have been created by the de Lacys when they built the nearby Benedictine Monastery c.1180, similar to one at a monastery of theirs in Wales.

Incidentally Westmeath also has another unique Catholic institution in that respect, because it also has the only monastery in Ireland which continued to function as a Catholic one all throughout the Reformation and Counter Reformation. This is the Franciscan convent of Multyfarnham, burned down and sacked many times by the English government but always built back again there or nearby and hence survived to this day.

In any case here is a description of the Anchorite in Fore from 1682:
"Fore...one church or cell of an Anchorite, the sole of the religious of this kind in Ireland. This religious person at his entry maketh a vow never to go out of his doors all his life after, and here he remains pent-up all his days, every day he saith mass in his chapel, which is part of, nay almost all his dwelling-house, there is no more house, but a very small castle wherein a tall man can hardly stretch himself length, if he laid down on the floor, nor is there any passage into the castle but thro' the chapel. He hath servants that attend him at his call in an out-house, but none lyeth within the church but himself. He is said by the natives, who hold him in great veneration for his sanctity, every day dig or rather scrape, for he useth no other tool but his nails, a portion of his grave; being esteemed of so great holiness, as if purity and sanctity were entailed on his cell, he is constantly visited by these of the Romish religion, who aim at being esteemed more devout than the ordinary amongst them; every visitant at his departure leaveth his offering or (as they phrase it) devotion on his altar; but he relieth not on this only for a maintenance, but hath those to bring him in the devotion whose devotions are not so fervent as invite them to do the office in person; these are called his proctors, who range all the countries of Ireland to beg for him, whom they call the holy man in the stone: corn, eggs, geese, turkies, hens, sheep, money and what not; nothing comes amiss, and no where do they fail altogether, but something is had, insomuch that if his proctors do honestly, nay if they return him but the tenth part of what is given him, he may doubtless fare as well as any priest of them all; the only recreation this poor prisoner is capable of, is to walk on his terras built over the cell wherein he lies, if he may be said to walk, who cannot in one line stretch forth his legs four times."
(Sir Henry Piers, Chorographical Description of the County of Westmeath (Tristernagh, 1682), in, Charles Vallancey, Collectanea de rebus hibernicis (Dublin, 1786) vol i, p.63-64.)
 
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Declan

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Excellent video considering I was there a few weeks back.
 

Declan

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Do we have build dates for the 4 different constructions. And are these bones human bones.
 

Myles O'Reilly

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Excellent video considering I was there a few weeks back.
Do you think he's somewhat vain in that he keeps talking about his family and how great they were?
 

scolairebocht

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Declan
Do we have build dates for the 4 different constructions. And are these bones human bones?

Yes I assume they are human bones, underneath the floor are the graves of previous anchorites, and under the chequered part graves of the Earls and Marquisses of Westmeath.

As regards build dates, they are not known exactly, at a guess:
- I would say c.1200 for at least some of the overall Benedictine Monastery in the bog that you can see (and later additions from that to when it was closed in 1540).
- You could take any date from c.1200-1500 for the castle looking part of the Anchorite's cell, and the entrance part was built onto twice, once c.1680 and then c.1850.
- St Fechin's Church could be as late at his time, maybe 700 AD roughly.
- St Mary's Church in Fore (in the graveyard of the modern Catholic Church) is Norman, about 1200s or 1300s


Myles O'Reilly
Do you think he's somewhat vain in that he keeps talking about his family and how great they were?

Maybe you are right, but its natural I would know more about my wider family and the history of the local area? And if its new and interesting information, which most people don't know already, then I think some people might be interested in it?

Some of it is family lore incidentally, my grandfather always told me that the last 'prior of Fore' was a Nugent, he never said abbot. Years later I realised that Fore was never elevated to the status of a separate monastery, with its own abbot, instead it was always just a branch, or 'priory', of the mother house in France.

Bocht, did this self incarceration serve any purpose?

As regards the point of it, well I am sure there are very technical theological issues at play here, but basically the sense of quiet and giving yourself completely to the contemplation of God, is considered a very holy thing to do. And of course what he is doing all the time is praying, and thats considered very important in the Catholic faith, who knows maybe it contributed to Irish people keeping the faith all those years?
 

Myles O'Reilly

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Bocht is that you doing the video???!!!
 

scolairebocht

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No, thats Robert Nugent. His family are also one of the few Nugent families still in Westmeath or near there. I know him alright but am not related to him, except that he is another Nugent of course and members of the clan tend to stick together!lol I am Brian Nugent, from rural Meath but not too far from Fore.
 

Myles O'Reilly

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Fair play Sir. I went to school with a few Nugents.

I'm guessing its a Norman name?
 

Declan

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According to this , the church of Feichin, dates from before 665

So when the other monetary was built it was over 4 hundred years old and could be a ruin???

It is amazing anything is left if it is that old.
 

scolairebocht

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Yes there are many ancient lives of St Fechin, mostly in Latin but some in Irish, dating to about the 700s or 800s, so they could be mined for solid references to building work if anybody wanted to go down that road.
 

scolairebocht

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And remember you have also the crozier of St Fechin, i.e. an ornamental covering for the remains of the wooden crozier used by St Fechin. Actually I went into the National Museum a short while ago to see it, where it used to be on display, but its gone now, presumably in storage.
 

scolairebocht

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Yes its a Norman name of course, they were close relatives of Hugh de Lacy.

So again Fr Patrick Beglin was the priest here in Shakespeare's time, I don't know was he a friar as well but anyway I wonder does Shakespeare capture the atmosphere here a bit:

Eglamoure: "The Sun begins to guild the western sky.
And now it is about the very hour,
That Silvia, at Friar Patrick's Cell should meet me,
She will not fail; for Lovers break not hours,
Unless it be to come before their time.
So much they spur their expedition.
See where she comes: Lady a happy evening.
Silvia: "Amen, Amen, go on (good Eglamoure)
Out at the Posterne by the Abbey wall;"
(Two Gentlemen of Verona, Act 5 Scene 1.)
 

Myles O'Reilly

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I heard Shakespeare was from Co Kildare and was related to Silken Thomas.
 

Declan

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Are you saying Fr Beglin was Shakespeare or some lad that passed there was Shakespeare.
 

scolairebocht

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No Fr Beglin wasn't, but its a kind of truism to say that Shakespeare does have some strange insights into Irish society that are unexpected and a bit hidden, like his Catholicism as well.
 

valamhic

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No, thats Robert Nugent. His family are also one of the few Nugent families still in Westmeath or near there. I know him alright but am not related to him, except that he is another Nugent of course and members of the clan tend to stick together!lol I am Brian Nugent, from rural Meath but not too far from Fore.
Nugent is a protestant name of English /French origin. They were land lords and the town of Mount Nugent is called after them.
 

Declan

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No Fr Beglin wasn't, but its a kind of truism to say that Shakespeare does have some strange insights into Irish society that are unexpected and a bit hidden, like his Catholicism as well.
And it should be noted that he could not have had the insights into Denmark without being there , which "he" never was
 

Myles O'Reilly

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Bocht, Fore Abbey was on a TG4 show about holy wells called Ag Triall ar an Tobar.

I recognised it straight away from your video.

I didn't know about the 7 miracles nor the guy who conducted the Ordnance Surveys 200 years ago As Gailge.
 

scolairebocht

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Yes, the "Holy man in the stone" is one of the miracles, and thats the Anchorite. I think with the Ordnance survey you are probably thinking of John O'Donavan, it was his job to check the Irish placenames and make sure they made sense as renditions of the Irish. His letters, from all over Ireland but yes the Westmeath ones are very interesting, are well known to local historians.
 

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