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On Friday last, St Stephen’s Day 2025, the silver price in the US “hit an all-time high of $77.4 per ounce, on a 167% year-to-date surge”, as reported by Reuters, and this had led to some speculation that this sudden rise could hit hard the complicated world of financial derivatives (that is instruments that ‘derive’ from some financial index or price, in this case obviously the silver price). Its said that this has come as a great surprise to some big US and overseas banks, that they could be on the hook for huge losses which could spill over into other areas of the financial system. Who knows what will happen but a few issues that arise here might interest people:
Leverage
The price of silver has indeed risen a lot in the last year, but the current spike is still only about 10% on a given day, yes its big but why would that start crashing banks and create talk of bankruptcy etc?
The point is that these trades are nearly always heavily leveraged, with only a small percentage, say 10 or 15%, actually put up by the traders initially. Most people I am sure understand that, but just to clarify: if I buy a stock now for €100 euro of my own money, and it falls 20% in value to €80, then I have lost that 20% only, bad but not that bad; if, on the other hand, I buy €100 of the stock with €10 of my own money and borrow the other €90, which is what we mean by heavily leveraged, then if the stock falls 20% in value I have lost €20 on an outlay of €10, I have wiped out my whole investment and now am 100% of that original value in the red as well. Of course what some people might say is that the silver price is rising not falling, so that doesn’t apply. But it does apply if you have shorted the price, as is reported to have happened, e.g. if I have contracted to deliver 1,000 ounces of silver to a person in February 2026 at $40 an ounce, and now I have to buy the silver to meet that contract, in the current market where it is rising above $80 an ounce (in weekend Asian trades anyway), then you can see how the above losses can apply even though the silver price is rising.
In any case this is how these trades can get quite scary quite quickly, but mostly we are talking paper losses only, it only matters if you have to sell out and maybe the situation might stabilise before that happens. However, its rumoured that the big silver exchanges, particularly Comex, had their computer systems tripped by the big changes in the silver price, and when that happened they asked the big banks to stump up the cash underlying these trades, a margin call, hence they have had to realise these loses now. The rumour is that these banks couldn’t pay, and hence had to get billions of dollars in emergency aid from the Federal Reserve over the holiday season.
Possible Stampede for Physical Silver
In all of this we are mostly talking about traders in silver who are, if you like, placing bets on its future price not unlike a casino, or traders who are using the silver price as a hedge against other financial transactions (so I could, say, buy something in the stockmarket that tends to rise when silver falls or vis a versa and so combine that purchase with some silver derivative to future proof or stabilise my investment), but not, generally, people who want or need physical quantities of silver. They are only dealing in paper, silver IOUs if you like.
But the problem is that at times this market in silver derivatives, the paperwork and guessing game over the price of silver as opposed to the physical trading of the item, sometimes looks like fractional reserve banking if not an outright Ponzi scheme. The issue is that there is said to be as much as 250 to 400 times more silver IOUs, in simple terms, than there is physical silver in play in the market at any given time. So just like a bank run, where a bank couldn’t possibly give out all its cash deposits at any one time because it has loaned it out to others, the silver traders cannot possibly cope if all these IOU holders now demand physical silver. But if confidence tanks completely in the silver market, that is indeed what might happen, and there is not a lot of wriggle room by Central Banks to fix a problem like this, because no matter what they do they cannot create physical silver out of thin air to meet this demand.
On top of that there is in fact a genuine serious demand for physical silver by industry. Battery technology, and Solar Panels, are developing in a way that they actually need more physical silver than before. For example the new solid state AG-C batteries by Samsung, which are reckoned the latest tech for fast charging and long ranges in EV cars, could potentially use as much as a kg of silver per car, and silver is also a key component of Solar Panels which are currently been rolled out in a huge way across much of the Chinese landscape. But to meet this demand there is little enough recycling of old silver, in say electronic components, or new mining which would frequently have to go deeper in existing nearly exhausted mines, because with the silver price so low for the last few decades it wasn’t worth anybody’s while developing these sources of silver. So there is a physical supply and demand crunch happening as well.